The Texas Instruments TSB43AB21A device is an integrated 1394a-2000 OHCI PHY/link-layer controller (LLC) device that is fully compliant with the PCI Local Bus Specification, the PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification (Revision 1.1), IEEE Std 1394-1995, IEEE Std 1394a-2000, and the 1394 Open Host Controller Interface Specification (Release 1.1). It is capable of transferring data between the 33-MHz PCI bus and the 1394 bus at 100M bits/s, 200M bits/s, and 400M bits/s. The TSB43AB21A device provides one 1394 port. The TSB43AB21A device also supports the IEEE Std 1394a-2000 power-down features for battery-operated applications and arbitration enhancements.

As required by the 1394 Open Host Controller Interface Specification (OHCI) and IEEE Std 1394a-2000, internal control registers are memory-mapped and nonprefetchable. The PCI configuration header is accessed through configuration cycles specified by PCI, and it provides plug-and-play (PnP) compatibility. Furthermore, the TSB43AB21A device is compliant with the PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification as specified by the PC 2001 Design Guide requirements. The TSB43AB21A device supports the D0, D1, D2, and D3 power states.

The TSB43AB21A design provides PCI bus master bursting, and it is capable of transferring a cacheline of data at 132M bytes/s after connection to the memory controller. Because PCI latency can be large, deep FIFOs are provided to buffer the 1394 data.

The TSB43AB21A device provides physical write posting buffers and a highly-tuned physical data path for SBP-2 performance. The TSB43AB21A device also provides multiple isochronous contexts, multiple cacheline burst transfers, and advanced internal arbitration.

An advanced CMOS process achieves low power consumption and allows the TSB43AB21A device to operate at PCI clock rates up to 33 MHz.

The TSB43AB21A PHY-layer provides the digital and analog transceiver functions needed to implement a single-port node in a cable-based 1394 network. The cable port incorporates two differential line transceivers. The transceivers include circuitry to monitor the line conditions as needed for determining connection status, for initialization and arbitration, and for packet reception and transmission.

The TSB43AB21A PHY-layer requires only an external 24.576-MHz crystal as a reference for the cable ports. An external clock may be provided instead of a crystal. An internal oscillator drives an internal phase-locked loop (PLL), which generates the required 393.216-MHz reference signal. This reference signal is internally divided to provide the clock signals that control transmission of the outbound encoded strobe and data information. A 49.152-MHz clock signal is supplied to the integrated LLC for synchronization and is used for resynchronization of the received data.

Data bits to be transmitted through the cable port are received from the integrated LLC and are latched internally in synchronization with the 49.152-MHz system clock. These bits are combined serially, encoded, and transmitted at 98.304M, 196.608M, or 393.216M bits/s (referred to as S100, S200, or S400 speeds, respectively) as the outbound data-strobe information stream. During transmission, the encoded data information is transmitted differentially on the twisted-pair B (TPB) cable pair, and the encoded strobe information is transmitted differentially on the twisted-pair A (TPA) cable pair.

During packet reception, the TPA and TPB transmitters of the receiving cable port are disabled, and the receivers for that port are enabled. The encoded data information is received on the TPA cable pair, and the encoded strobe information is received on the TPB cable pair. The received data-strobe information is decoded to recover the receive clock signal and the serial data bits. The serial data bits are resynchronized to the local 49.152-MHz system clock and sent to the integrated LLC.

Both the TPA and TPB cable interfaces incorporate differential comparators to monitor the line states during initialization and arbitration. The outputs of these comparators are used by the internal logic to determine the arbitration status. The TPA channel monitors the incoming cable common-mode voltage. The value of this common-mode voltage is used during arbitration to set the speed of the next packet transmission. In addition, the TPB channel monitors the incoming cable common-mode voltage on the TPB pair for the presence of the remotely supplied twisted-pair bias voltage.

The TSB43AB21A device provides a 1.86-V nominal bias voltage at the TPBIAS terminal for port termination. This bias voltage, when seen through a cable by a remote receiver, indicates the presence of an active connection. This bias voltage source must be stabilized by an external filter capacitor of 1.0 µF.

The line drivers in the TSB43AB21A device operate in a high-impedance current mode and are designed to work with external 112- ±1%.

When the power supply of the TSB43AB21A device is off and the twisted-pair cables are connected, the TSB43AB21A transmitter and receiver circuitry present a high impedance to the cable and do not load the TPBIAS voltage at the other end of the cable.

When the device is in a low-power state (for example, D2 or D3) the TSB43AB21A device automatically enters a low-power mode if the port is inactive (disconnected, disabled, or suspended). In this low-power mode, the TSB43AB21A device disables its internal clock generators and also disables various voltage and current reference circuits, depending on the state of the port (some reference circuitry must remain active in order to detect new cable connections, disconnections, or incoming TPBIAS, for example). The lowest power consumption (the ultralow-power sleep mode) is attained when the port is either disconnected or disabled with the port interrupt enable bit cleared.

The TSB43AB21A device exits the low-power mode when bit 19 (LPS) in the host controller control register at OHCI offset 50h/54h (see Section 4.16, Host Controller Control Register) is set to 1 or when a port event occurs which requires that the TSB43AB21A device to become active in order to respond to the event or to notify the LLC of the event (for example, incoming bias is detected on a suspended port, a disconnection is detected on a suspended port, or a new connection is detected on a nondisabled port). When the TSB43AB21A device is in the low-power mode, the internal 49.153-MHz clock becomes active (and the integrated PHY layer becomes operative) within 2 ms after bit 19 (LPS) in the host controller control register at OHCI offset 50h/54h (see Section 4.16, Host Controller Control Register) is set to 1.

The TSB43AB21A device supports hardware enhancements to better support digital video (DV) and MPEG data stream reception and transmission. These enhancements are enabled through the isochronous receive digital video enhancements register at OHCI offset A88h (see Chapter 5, TI Extension Registers). The enhancements include automatic timestamp insertion for transmitted DV and MPEG-formatted streams and common isochronous packet (CIP) header stripping for received DV streams.

The CIP format is defined by the IEC 61883-1:1998 specification. The enhancements to the isochronous data contexts are implemented as hardware support for the synchronization timestamp for both DV and MPEG CIP formats. The TSB43AB21A device supports modification of the synchronization timestamp field to ensure that the value inserted via software is not stale—that is, the value is less than the current cycle timer when the packet is transmitted.

The TSB43AB21A device supports the following features:

• Fully compliant with 1394 Open Host Controller Interface Specification (Release 1.1)
• Fully compliant with provisions of IEEE Std 1394-1995 for a high-performance serial bus and IEEE Std 1394a-2000
• Fully interoperable with FireWire and i.LINK implementations of IEEE Std 1394
• Compliant with Intel Mobile Power Guideline 2000
• Full IEEE Std 1394a-2000 support includes: connection debounce, arbitrated short reset, multispeed concatenation, arbitration acceleration, fly-by concatenation, and port disable/suspend/resume
• Power-down features to conserve energy in battery-powered applications include: automatic device power down during suspend, PCI power management for link-layer, and inactive ports powered down
• Ultralow-power sleep mode
• One IEEE Std 1394a-2000 fully compliant cable port at 100M bits/s, 200M bits/s, or 400M bits/s
• Cable port monitors line conditions for active connection to remote node
• Cable power presence monitoring
• 1.8-V core logic with universal PCI interfaces compatible with 3.3-V and 5-V PCI signaling environments
• Physical write posting of up to three outstanding transactions
• PCI burst transfers and deep FIFOs to tolerate large host latency
• PCI_CLKRUN\ protocol
• External cycle timer control for customized synchronization
• Extended resume signaling for compatibility with legacy DV components
• PHY-link logic performs system initialization and arbitration functions
• PHY-link encode and decode functions included for data-strobe bit level encoding
• PHY-link incoming data resynchronized to local clock
• Low-cost 24.576-MHz crystal provides transmit and receive data at 100M bits/s, 200M bits/s, or 400M bits/s
• Node power class information signaling for system power management
• Serial ROM interface supports 2-wire serial EEPROM devices
• Two general-purpose I/Os
• Register bits give software control of contender bit, power class bits, link active control bit, and IEEE Std 1394a-2000 features
• Fabricated in advanced low-power CMOS process
• PCI and CardBus register support
• Isochronous receive dual-buffer mode
• Out-of-order pipelining for asynchronous transmit requests
• Register access fail interrupt when the PHY SCLK is not active
• PCI power-management D0, D1, D2, and D3 power states
• Initial bandwidth available and initial channels available registers
• PME\ support per 1394 Open Host Controller Interface Specification

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